New knowledge of black holes, there is something that can "come out" from black holes

Overview: 

The universe is vast and boundless, with countless galaxies and celestial bodies, some of which are very special, such as pulsars, neutron stars, and black holes. To ask these special celestial bodies which is the most mysterious, it must be a black hole. Modern science believes that the reason for the formation of black holes is the product of the death of stars. Whether this is really the case remains to be studied.

Humans know very little about black holes. The only thing they know is that black holes have a strong attraction. Anything close to it can hardly escape its swallowing. Even stars can't avoid it, and light can't escape its swallowing. Therefore, although black holes cannot be directly observed, it is not too difficult to discover the existence of black holes in the universe, especially some huge black holes, which are easy to be observed.

In the vast universe, the mass of a star is two to three times that of the sun. When its life ends, the last bit of hydrogen is fused into a stable iron element. A dazzling light cut through the universe. Next, there will be permanent darkness. The star does not have the thrust generated by nuclear fusion to resist gravity. It will collapse indefinitely, and when the volume is smaller than the Schwarzschild radius, a black hole is formed.

　　Black holes have a huge gravitational force. In a black hole, all matter will gather at a point with an infinite density and an infinitely small volume. It is a singularity. On the edge of the black hole is the event horizon. All matter that crosses the event horizon will be sucked into the black hole, and even light cannot escape. Black holes are like gluttonous beasts in the universe consuming everything.

　　

Something that can "come out" from black holes

　　In our inherent impression, it is the fastest runner alone. Since even light can't escape the "blood mouth" of the black hole, then there must be nothing that can come out of the black hole.

Hawking's Theory:

　　This view dominated the academic circles for decades, until the king of the universe-Hawking's Hawking radiation theory came out.

　　Everyone knows that Hawking is one of the greatest physicists after Einstein. He was born in Oxford, England, and is a famous physicist at Cambridge University in England. Unfortunately, at the age of 21, Hawking suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, commonly known as gradual freezing syndrome. He was paralyzed all over and could not speak. You can only walk in a wheelchair and communicate with people with special equipment. Although Hawking's body is imprisoned, his mind still travels in the universe and is obsessed with black holes.

　　

Hawking radiation theory

　　In 1974, Hawking proposed the famous Hawking radiation theory. The theory holds that black holes are not dark and cold. On the contrary, it is constantly radiating heat to the outside world. More importantly, it pointed out that "something can come out of a black hole."

　　Many particle and antiparticle pairs appear out of thin air in a vacuum, and they annihilate each other in a very short time. This has no impact on us at the macro level. However, if this pair of particle-antiparticles appears near the black hole, it is possible that one will be sucked into the event horizon while the other just escapes. According to the law of conservation of energy, the escaped particle will carry the mass of the black hole itself, which is Hawking radiation.

　　

　　The proposal of Hawking Radiation is of great significance. The academic circles originally believed that black holes would only grow, but with Hawking’s new theory, people realized that black holes would radiate through Hawking and lose mass. When the absorbed mass cannot make ends meet, the black hole will slowly evaporate, shrink, and eventually disappear. Of course this is a very slow process.

　　If a black hole has the same mass as the sun, it takes 10 to 67 years to completely evaporate.

　　The super-large black hole at the center of the Milky Way will take 10 87 years to completely evaporate.

　　After about 10 to the 90th power, all black holes in the universe will evaporate.

　　Our universe has only been 13.8 billion years since its birth, which is about the order of 10 to the power of 10 years.

　　These are enough to show that Hawking radiation is very slow and the amount of radiation is also very small. Until today, astronomers have not actually observed Hawking radiation, but the academic community generally believes that Hawking's theory is correct, but our observation methods are not enough to detect Hawking radiation.

　　

　　Hawking is physically disabled and strong, insists on academic research. His results have made outstanding contributions to helping people understand the universe and understand black holes.

　　Hawking was born on January 8, 1942, which was exactly 300 years after Galileo's death. Hawking died on March 14, 2018, which happened to be Einstein's birthday. Perhaps this is God's will, this is the glorious inheritance.

Can Blackhole Enter the Solar System?

A black hole is definitely an overlord-level existence in the universe. No celestial body dares to provoke it, and the black hole can also move. The area it passes through is like a locust passing a mirror, and no grass grows. Naturally, the solar system is also very afraid of black holes, especially the earth is a living planet. Human beings have not yet been able to deal with black holes. Once a black hole enters the solar system, it will definitely be a disaster for the earth.

Although the probability of a black hole entering the solar system is very small, this kind of thing will really happen in the future. When scientists are observing the cosmic bodies, they discovered that a black hole named GRO J1655-40 is gradually growing at a very fast speed. The distance between the two is about 6000 light-years. As it moves forward, it has swallowed a lot of stars. If the black hole does not change its direction while it is moving forward, Then it only takes 10 million years for the GRO J1655-40 black hole to meet the earth.

10 million years seems to be a very long time, but for the age of a planet, this time is too short. The earth has been born for 4.6 billion years and has not experienced countless disasters, including asteroid impacts. These disasters are not yet As for the destruction of the earth, black holes are different. It is a devastating disaster. Once it tells the earth, the earth will be torn into pieces and then swallowed. At that time, the solar system may die collectively, and the sun may also be swallowed.

Of course, 10 million years is a very short time for a galaxy or planet, but for an intelligent civilization, it is a very long time. It has only been more than 2 million years since the birth of mankind, and the development of science and technology of mankind has only been hundreds of years. It only took us about 100 years to make science develop rapidly, and it has allowed mankind to step out of the earth and begin to explore. universe.

With the development speed of human civilization, in another 10 million years, we don’t know how strong human beings will be. At that time, we may have achieved superluminal flight, and humanity’s footsteps have covered the entire galaxy, with many colonies. Planet. Even if this black hole comes to the solar system, we don’t have to worry. If we have the technological capabilities to deal with the black hole, and if there is no way to prevent the black hole from engulfing the earth, then humans can completely abandon the solar system and emigrate to other colonized planets.

Although there are many risks and disasters in the universe, such as black holes, as long as human technology develops rapidly and given us a certain amount of time, humans can continue to grow stronger and become a super civilization in the universe, with the ability of interstellar navigation. You can go to the vast majority of the universe, and you don’t have to worry about encountering things like black holes. If you can’t evade it, you can run and develop in another place. Human civilization will also continue.

Scientists will continue to observe and study the nature of black holes. Perhaps black holes are not like we knew in the past. They may exist like wormholes. If this is the case, then black holes are not a curse but a blessing for mankind. It will help mankind speed up the exploration of the universe.

However, scientists speculate that there are many natural wormholes in the universe, and you can easily reach the depths of the universe through these wormholes and achieve superluminal flight. If a black hole is a wormhole, as long as we develop techniques and methods that can counteract the powerful attraction of the black hole, we can enter and pass through the black hole. I believe that in the future, mankind will be able to study the method of entering a black hole. At that time, it will be possible to detect black holes in all aspects and understand what the nature of black holes is.