What is Fossil fuel?
Fossil fuel is a non-renewable energy source,
produced by the decomposition of organic matter in animal and plant
residues. By combining with oxygen, organic matter generates
energy. Oil, coal and natural gas are fossil fuels and their derivatives.
In order to form fossil fuels, organic matter
must conform to the natural transformation process, which first leads to the
fossilization of the material, and then to decomposition and
precipitation. This process took millions of years. This is possible
because in that era, the ratio of oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases
available in the atmosphere was different from today.
The use of fossil fuels to make large-scale
industrial development, and alternative water tankers . When generating electricity, energy is
generated in the process of burning fossil fuels, which drives turbines to
generate power. Old-style generators use steam to power turbines. At
present, many power plants have adopted a gas turbine engine, it is the direct use of gas to drive the turbine 's.
 |
| non-renewable fuel |
Classification
Fossil fuels refer to non-renewable
fuel resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which are buried underground
and under the ocean. Fossil fuels are classified into coal,
petroleum, oil shale , natural gas, oil sands, and combustible ice under the sea in the order
of the amount of buried energy .
coal
Coal is buried in the ground and underground geothermal plant by the action of, or even thousands of years after the carbonization process hundreds of millions of years, the release of water , carbon dioxide , methane gas, containing oxygen- reduced is formed. Coal is a complex organic polymer organic compounds, mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen , oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus and other elements, is very rich in carbon. Due to the different geological conditions and the degree of evolution, the carbon content is different, so the calorific value is also different. By heat into the order of anthracite , semi-anthracite, bituminous , and lignite and the like. Coal is widely distributed on the earth, and it is not concentrated in a certain place of production.
 |
coal |
Coal is a complex mixture, mainly
containing carbon element, in addition, it also contains hydrogen element and a
small amount of nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen and other elements as well as
inorganic minerals. [1]
oil
The
oil extracted from oil wells is called crude oil, which is a viscous
liquid. Petroleum mainly contains two elements: carbon and hydrogen. [1]
Petroleum is the microbial remains accumulated in the water, and the hydrocarbons are formed under the action of high pressure. After refined petroleum, gasoline, kerosene , diesel and heavy oil can be obtained . Oil is unevenly distributed on the earth. The Middle East accounts for 54%, North America accounts for 12%, and South America accounts for 9%, accounting for almost 3/4 of the identifiable burial volume.
Petroleum is one of the most used
fossil fuels in the world, and it runs out more slowly than
others. Renewable energy can be widely used fertilizers such as power generation,
high energy nuclear power generation and scientific progress can continue to reduce
dependence on fossil fuels. In addition, the high consumption of petroleum
is also because it is a raw material for petrochemical products and has a wide
range of uses.
Oil shale
Oil shale is formed after algae
carbonization. It contains too much ash and most of it cannot be
self-olefin. Oil sands are sands that contain 4-20% heavy
oil. Oil shale and oil sands are more abundant in the American continent.
natural gas
Natural gas is mainly a gaseous
hydrocarbon composed of carbon and hydrogen, the most important of which is
methane.
Combustible ice
Combustible ice is a kind of
combustible substance in the solid form of methane found stored on the deep
seabed.
Facing the status quo
The pace into the global
modernization in the 20th century to the 21st century ,
the fossil fuels (fossil fuel) with a potential
energy shortage crisis, especially gasoline extracted from oil, is causing
global oil crisis a reason. At present, the
world is moving toward the development of renewable energy and nuclear energy , which can help increase
global energy needs.
The emissions of carbon dioxide
(humans continue to burn fossil fuels, greenhouse gases ,
one of the main sources), is to accelerate global warming, one of the factors. In
addition, biofuels in carbon dioxide from
the atmosphere , so the development of
biofuels could reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, because reliable
planting to reduce carbon dioxide levels, thereby reducing the greenhouse effect
environmental impact
Since fossil fuels are the main part
of the world's primary energy, the amount of mining, combustion and other
aspects are very large, so the impact on the environment is also a cause for
concern.
The most typical environmental impact
of the mining process is coal mining, including the damage to the land, the
damage to the village, and the impact on water resources. According to
incomplete statistics, an average of 0.2 hectares of farmland has collapsed for
every 10,000 tons of coal mined so far, and an average of 20,000 hectares per
year. Over 4.8 billion tons of coal is pressed under Chinese buildings, of
which two-thirds of coal is pressed under villages. Moreover, the burning
of coal produces sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide pollution
of the environment.
The impact of fossil fuels on the environment in the process
of utilization is mainly the pollution caused by various gases and solid wastes
during combustion and the waste heat during power generation. There are
two main aspects to the environmental impact of pollutants produced by fossil
fuels. First, the global climate
change . The carbon in the fuel is transformed into
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which increases the concentration of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere, which intensifies the greenhouse effect, changes the
global climate, and makes the ecological balance imbalance. The
second is thermal pollution. The "waste heat" left by thermal
power plants is discharged into rivers, lakes, the atmosphere or the ocean,
which in most cases will cause thermal pollution. For example, when this
waste hot water enters a water area, its temperature is on average 7-8°C higher
than the temperature of the water area, causing organisms to leave the water
area.
Greenhouse effect
 |
| green house effect due to fossil fuel |
Scientists warn that if humans still
do everything possible to burn available fossil fuels, most of the world's most
densely populated large cities will be submerged by sea water. These
cities include: London, New York, Tokyo, Hong Kong and Shanghai.
Human burning of oil, natural gas,
and coal will release large amounts of carbon dioxide, which will cause the
Antarctic ice cap to melt completely and cause a destructive rise in sea
level. Although the western ice sheet of Antarctica was the focus of most
climate change research, the latest research report shows that the ice sheet of
eastern Antarctica is also on the verge of melting.
Professor Anders
Levermann, the co-author of the research report, stated that if we want to
continue the development of cities such as Tokyo, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Kolkata,
Hamburg and New York, we must avoid the eastern Antarctic ice sheet. melt.
The study concluded
that irreducible carbon emissions are causing sea levels to rise, threatening
the Antarctic ice sheet as a whole. If we burn all the fossil fuel
resources currently available, Antarctica will become an ocean without ice
cover in the future.
fossil fuels
During the combustion process, the
carbon in fossil fuels is transformed into carbon dioxide and enters the
atmosphere, increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere. As a greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide has the functions of heat
absorption and heat insulation. It is increased in the atmosphere results
in the formation of an invisible glass, the heat of solar radiation on earth
can not diverging into outer space, the earth's surface as a result heats up,
adding to the greenhouse effect . Since the industrial revolution since, although the use of fossil fuels, greatly
improving the productivity of human society, but the consequent global warming, a number of serious problems, gradually causing
concern around the world.
Refers to a class of combustible
minerals formed by the remains of animals and plants of different geological
ages in the buried stratum that have undergone long-term changes in geological
conditions, as well as the effects of temperature, pressure and
microorganisms. All fossil fuels are composed of hydrocarbons, so carbon
dioxide is released when burned. The main source of man-made carbon
dioxide emissions is the burning of fossil fuels for energy production and
transportation. Due to the huge scale of the exploitation and utilization
of fossil fuels, the impact on the environment is also a cause for concern.
Fossil fuels can be divided
into a gaseous fuel (such as natural gas), liquid fuels (such as
oil), solid fuel (such as coal, oil shale, oil sand, etc.). Among
them, coal, oil, and natural gas are the most widely used, and they are also
the main sources of carbon dioxide. Coal is a mixture of organic matter
mainly elemental carbon, followed by hydrogen, and oxygen , nitrogen and sulfur. Due to the rich carbon
content, the combustion of coal emits a large amount of carbon dioxide.
0 Comments